Spatial Data Infrastructure in Germany – the Example of Bavaria

Razvoj tehnologija otvorio je put ka modernizaciji državne uprave i stvaranju e-vlade te, općenito, put ka e-društvu. U tom procesu jedan od osnovnih čimbenika je i infrastruktura prostornih podataka. Poboljšanje postojeće nacionalne infrastrukture prostornih podataka odvija se i u Hrvatskoj pri čemu je od iznimne važnosti sagledati i iskoristiti rezultate i iskustva drugih zemalja u tom procesu. U ovom radu, u prilog tomu, dan je pregled različitih inicijativa ka uspostavi nacionalne infrastrukture prostornih podataka u Njemačkoj te stanje na lokalnoj razini sa primjerom Bavarske.Technology development has paved the way for state administration modernization and E-government set-up, as well as for E-society in general. Spatial data infrastructure is one of the basic factors in this process. Improvement of existing national spatial data infrastructure is going on in Croatia and in this process it is very important to perceive and seize results and experiences from other countries. This article provides insight into different initiatives for the set-up of national spatial data infrastructure in Germany and into the state level situation giving the example of Bavaria

Spatial Data Infrastructure in Germany – the Example of Bavaria

Razvoj tehnologija otvorio je put ka modernizaciji državne uprave i stvaranju e-vlade te, općenito, put ka e-društvu. U tom procesu jedan od osnovnih čimbenika je i infrastruktura prostornih podataka. Poboljšanje postojeće nacionalne infrastrukture prostornih podataka odvija se i u Hrvatskoj pri čemu je od iznimne važnosti sagledati i iskoristiti rezultate i iskustva drugih zemalja u tom procesu. U ovom radu, u prilog tomu, dan je pregled različitih inicijativa ka uspostavi nacionalne infrastrukture prostornih podataka u Njemačkoj te stanje na lokalnoj razini sa primjerom Bavarske.Technology development has paved the way for state administration modernization and E-government set-up, as well as for E-society in general. Spatial data infrastructure is one of the basic factors in this process. Improvement of existing national spatial data infrastructure is going on in Croatia and in this process it is very important to perceive and seize results and experiences from other countries. This article provides insight into different initiatives for the set-up of national spatial data infrastructure in Germany and into the state level situation giving the example of Bavaria

Collaborative multi-scale 3D city and infrastructure modeling and simulation

Computer-aided collaborative and multi-scale 3D planning are challenges for complex railway and subway track infrastructure projects in the built environment. Many legal, economic, environmental, and structural requirements have to be taken into account. The stringent use of 3D models in the different phases of the planning process facilitates communication and collaboration between the stake holders such as civil engineers, geological engineers, and decision makers. This paper presents concepts, developments, and experiences gained by an interdisciplinary research group coming from civil engineering informatics and geo-informatics banding together skills of both, the Building Information Modeling and the 3D GIS world. New approaches including the development of a collaborative platform and 3D multi-scale modelling are proposed for collaborative planning and simulation to improve the digital 3D planning of subway tracks and other infrastructures. Experiences during this research and lessons learned are presented as well as an outlook on future research focusing on Building Information Modeling and 3D GIS applications for cities of the future

Albiglutide and cardiovascular outcomes in patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (Harmony Outcomes): a double-blind, randomised placebo-controlled trial

Background: Glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists differ in chemical structure, duration of action, and in their effects on clinical outcomes. The cardiovascular effects of once-weekly albiglutide in type 2 diabetes are unknown. We aimed to determine the safety and efficacy of albiglutide in preventing cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke. Methods: We did a double-blind, randomised, placebo-controlled trial in 610 sites across 28 countries. We randomly assigned patients aged 40 years and older with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease (at a 1:1 ratio) to groups that either received a subcutaneous injection of albiglutide (30–50 mg, based on glycaemic response and tolerability) or of a matched volume of placebo once a week, in addition to their standard care. Investigators used an interactive voice or web response system to obtain treatment assignment, and patients and all study investigators were masked to their treatment allocation. We hypothesised that albiglutide would be non-inferior to placebo for the primary outcome of the first occurrence of cardiovascular death, myocardial infarction, or stroke, which was assessed in the intention-to-treat population. If non-inferiority was confirmed by an upper limit of the 95% CI for a hazard ratio of less than 1·30, closed testing for superiority was prespecified. This study is registered with ClinicalTrials.gov, number NCT02465515. Findings: Patients were screened between July 1, 2015, and Nov 24, 2016. 10 793 patients were screened and 9463 participants were enrolled and randomly assigned to groups: 4731 patients were assigned to receive albiglutide and 4732 patients to receive placebo. On Nov 8, 2017, it was determined that 611 primary endpoints and a median follow-up of at least 1·5 years had accrued, and participants returned for a final visit and discontinuation from study treatment; the last patient visit was on March 12, 2018. These 9463 patients, the intention-to-treat population, were evaluated for a median duration of 1·6 years and were assessed for the primary outcome. The primary composite outcome occurred in 338 (7%) of 4731 patients at an incidence rate of 4·6 events per 100 person-years in the albiglutide group and in 428 (9%) of 4732 patients at an incidence rate of 5·9 events per 100 person-years in the placebo group (hazard ratio 0·78, 95% CI 0·68–0·90), which indicated that albiglutide was superior to placebo (p<0·0001 for non-inferiority; p=0·0006 for superiority). The incidence of acute pancreatitis (ten patients in the albiglutide group and seven patients in the placebo group), pancreatic cancer (six patients in the albiglutide group and five patients in the placebo group), medullary thyroid carcinoma (zero patients in both groups), and other serious adverse events did not differ between the two groups. There were three (<1%) deaths in the placebo group that were assessed by investigators, who were masked to study drug assignment, to be treatment-related and two (<1%) deaths in the albiglutide group. Interpretation: In patients with type 2 diabetes and cardiovascular disease, albiglutide was superior to placebo with respect to major adverse cardiovascular events. Evidence-based glucagon-like peptide 1 receptor agonists should therefore be considered as part of a comprehensive strategy to reduce the risk of cardiovascular events in patients with type 2 diabetes. Funding: GlaxoSmithKline

Buildings in High Resolution SAR Images - Identification based on CityGML Data

Motivated by the distinct appearance of facades in high resolution SAR images with respect to signal incidence angles and polarizations, this paper introduces a way to fuse SAR imagery and 3D GIS (geoinformation system) data (format: CityGML) based on SAR simulation methods. To this end, the known building geometry is used to simulate the extent of building layover for identifying the related image parts in high resolution TerraSAR-X images. The simulated SAR images are generated and geocoded by an automated processing chain which is initialized by the automated parsing of the CityGML dataset and the TerraSAR-X orbit file. Confirming the functionality of the developed interface between simulation and CityGML, first results are presented for an urban scene in the Munich city center in order to discuss future opportunities in the context of change detection applications

Entwicklung und Validierung eines Analyse-Instruments zur Erfassung der Kompetenzen von Führungskräften und Problemlösespezialisten beim komplexen Problemlösen in Gruppen

Das Ziel dieser Arbeit bestand in der Entwicklung und Validierung eines Analyse-Instruments zur Erfassung der Kompetenzen von Führungskräften bzw. Problemlösespezialisten beim komplexen Problemlösen in Gruppen. Aufbauend auf den jeweils ermittelten Teilkompetenzen sollte es mittels des Instruments möglich sein, potentielle Führungskräfte bzw. Problemlösespezialisten neu zu besetzender Arbeits- bzw. Projektgruppen zu identifizieren. Ausgehend von einem Modell der Handlungskompetenz wurde für eine verhaltensorientierte Kompetenzerfassung argumentiert. Die aus der Situation �komplexes Problemlösen in Gruppen� erwachsenden Anforderungen an das Interaktionsverhalten der Gruppenmitglieder, über deren Erfüllung die Kompetenzen der einzelnen Teilnehmer zum Ausdruck kommen, wurden anhand des �optimalen Problemlöseverlaufs in Gruppen� nach Simon und Vornberger (2003)spezifiziert. Als Handlungsmodell des komplexen Problemlösens in Gruppen diente dieser als Leitfaden für die theoretische Ableitung der relevanten Teilkompetenzen bzw. Funktionen einer Führungskraft bzw. eines Problemlösespezialisten einer komplexen Problemlösegruppe. Für die Erstellung der Anforderungsprofile an die beiden Funktionsträger wurde auf Erkenntnisse der Führungsforschung, der Ergebnisse der experimentellen Kleingruppenforschung zum Prozess der Rollendifferenzierung sowie auf Befunde der komplexen Problemlöseforschung zurückgegriffen. Zur Entwicklung des Analyse-Instruments wurden 46 studentische Versuchspersonen herangezogen, die, verteilt auf zwölf Problemlösegruppen, die komplexe, soziale Problemstellung des computersimulierten Unternehmensplanspiels SYNTEX zu bearbeiten hatten. Durch SYNTEX wurden dieselben Führungsverhaltensweisen bzw. Problemlöseverhaltensweisen bei den Versuchsgruppenmitgliedern evoziert wie innerhalb einer betrieblichen Arbeits- bzw. Projektgruppe. Die videographierten, einstündigen Planspielsitzungen wurden mit dem Interaktions-Beobachtungssystem SYNPRO ausgewertet, das ein standardisiertes wissenschaftliches Instrument der Datenerhebung darstellt (vgl. Simon, 1997). Auf der Grundlage der Kategorien des Beobachtungssystems wurden verschiedene Indizes zur Erfassung der theoretisch abgeleiteten Funktionen bzw. Teilkompetenzen von Führungspersonen bzw. Problemlösespezialisten gebildet. Die Indikatoren flossen als Merkmalsvariablen in eine clusteranalytische Untersuchung ein, durch welche die einzelnen Versuchspersonen der Problemlösegruppen aufgrund ihrer (Verhaltens-)Spezialisierung in der Ausübung von Führungs- bzw. Problemlösefunktionen als Führungspersonen, Problemlösespezialisten und Geführte klassifiziert wurden. Die Gruppierung der Versuchspersonen war Ausgangspunkt für die nachfolgenden Diskriminanzanalyse, mittels der untersucht wurde, welche der theoretisch abgeleiteten Funktionen der Anforderungsprofile tatsächlich für die Ausübung einer Führungsrolle bzw. der Rolle eines Problemlösespezialisten bedeutsam sind. Diese stellen die empirisch zu identifizierenden Teilkompetenzen der beiden Funktionsträger beim komplexen Problemlösen in Gruppen dar. Die aus dieser Analyse resultierenden Diskriminanzfunktionen YF und YP, welche die empirisch identifizierten Teilkompetenzen der Funktionsträger beinhalten, bilden gemeinsam das Analyse-Instrument SYNPRO-FPAI (Führungskraft/Problemlösespezialist - Analyse - Instrument), das eine objektive und standardisierte Klassifikation der Versuchpersonen neu zu besetzender Problemlösegruppen in Führungspersonen, Problemlösespezialisten und Geführte erlaubt. Die erzielte Effektstärke von tau-quadrat =.85 spricht für die hohe Güte der ermittelten Diskriminanzfunktionen und rechtfertigt den verwendeten Stichprobenumfang. Die Gültigkeit der mittels des Analyse-Instruments erzielten Klassifikationen konnte an einer zweiten, unabhängigen Stichprobe von 18 Teilnehmern aus fünf studentischen Problemlösegruppen im Rahmen eines Kreuzvalidierungsdesigns belegt werden. Zudem konnte für die Untersuchung der Validität des Analyse-Instruments auf die Beobachtungsdaten von 33 Teilnehmern aus sechs betrieblichen Arbeits- bzw. Projektgruppen zurückgegriffen werden Wie die Ergebnisse der Konstruktvalidierung zeigen, werden mit den beiden Diskriminanzfunktionen YF und YP die Konstrukte �allgemeine Führungsaktivität� und �allgemeine Problemlöseaktivität� erfasst. Die Ergebnisse der kriterienbezogenen Validitätsuntersuchungen verweisen auf die Eignung von SYNPRO-FPAI zur Identifikation der Führungsrolle bzw. der Rolle eines Problemlösespezialisten in bestehenden Arbeits- bzw. Projektgruppen. Das Analyse-Instrument SYNPRO-FPAI ermöglicht es einerseits, einen Beitrag zur Klärung zahlreicher grundlagenwissenschaftlicher Fragestellungen der Kompetenzforschung, Führungsforschung bzw. Problemlöseforschung zu leisten. Andererseits ist es möglich, das Instrument in der organisationalen Praxis im Rahmen der Selektion bzw. des Trainings von Führungskräften bzw. Problemlösespezialisten einzusetzen

BIM-GIS Integration as Dedicated and Independent Course for Geoinformatics Students: Merits, Challenges, and Ways Forward

Information mined from building information models as well as associated geographical data and Geographic Information System (GIS) analyses can increase the success of construction processes and asset management, including buildings, roads, and public facilities. The integration of information from both domains requires high expertise in both spheres. The existing B.Sc and M.Sc. programs linked to the built environment at the Technical University of Munich offer courses for the Building Information Model (BIM) and GIS that are distributed among study programs in Civil Engineering, Architecture, and Geomatics. Students graduating as professionals in one of these domains rarely know how to solve pre-defined technical problems associated with the integration of information from BIM and GIS. Students in such programs seldom practice skills needed for the integration of information from BIM and GIS at a level that is needed in working life. Conversely, the technologies in both domains create artificial boundaries that do not exist in reality—for example, water and electricity would not be of use if the utilities terminated in front of buildings. To bring a change and bridge the gap between BIM and GIS, a change in the teaching methods of BIM/GIS needs to be considered. The Technical University of Munich (TUM) has developed a master’s course (M.Sc. course) for students in Geoinformatics which focuses on competencies required to achieve BIM/GIS integration. This paper describes the course development process and provides a unique perspective on the curriculum and subjects. It also presents the course objective, course development, the selection and development of learning materials, and the assessment of the intended learning outcome of the course. The developed course is validated through a questionnaire, and feedback is provided by participants of the BIM/GIS integration workshop representing a panel of experts in the domain